tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81109269817209374852024-02-07T21:35:42.034-08:00German family mattersEric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-73670873441489889432022-10-12T14:36:00.000-07:002022-10-12T14:36:07.314-07:00<p>
</p><h1><span style="font-size: x-large;">An introduction to Family History</span></h1><p>
</p><h2>Why trace our Family History? </h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">Curiosity? Medical reasons? Religious reasons? It is a good
way to keep the brain working – use it or lose it!</p>
<h2>Getting started</h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We must work
from the known to the unknown.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Speak with other relatives (especially the older ones). Are
any of your relatives already researching the family? Who might have inherited
the family papers? Request permission to copy photographs and documents.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Assemble your information. Check out those bundles of papers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Use a Family History program to record the family details. Enter
women under their maiden names!</p>
<h2>Australian resources</h2>
<h3>Birth, marriage and death certificates</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">In
the eastern Australian mainland states, a person’s birth place is recorded on
the person’s death certificate and marriage certificate; and the birth
certificate of the children. In other states there may be more or less
information, especially in earlier years. See Graham Jaunay’s excellent website
for a detailed table: <a href="http://www.jaunay.com/bdm.html"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://www.jaunay.com/bdm.html</b></a></p>
<h3>Wills and probates</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Someone
may leave items in a will to family “back home” in Germany (especially someone
without close family in Australia). It is always worthwhile looking for wills,
probates and intestacies from your ancestors and their relatives.</p>
<h3>Immigration files</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Detail
varied according to place and time. Records for early free settlers in New
South Wales often listed the names of the immigrant’s parents and religion.
Records in Queensland in the 19<sup>th</sup> century usually just listed the
name and age of the immigrant along with the details of the ship. Records will
usually be in the relevant state archive.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">After
federation, immigration progressively became a commonwealth responsibility with
post WWII records particularly being quite detailed. Immigration files can be
found at one or more offices of the National Archives of Australia (NAA), and
may be viewed for free at the relevant reading room or digitized for online
access on payment of a fee. (The record may be accessed for free if it has
already been digitized.)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Search
the holdings of the NAA at the website <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">www.naa.gov.au</b></a> but be aware that
there is much that is not indexed.</p>
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</p><h3>Naturalisation
documents</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal">As with immigration files, the content of naturalisation
documents varies greatly according to place and time. Documents are mostly
stored at the relevant state archive although those from South Australia and
Victoria have been transferred to the National Archives of Australia (NAA).</p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>Following federation, the commonwealth assumed the
responsibility for naturalisation and documents are stored at the NAA. Once
again, the documents can be viewed at one of the NAA reading rooms or be
digitised to allow online access.</p>
<h3>Other resources</h3>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Obituaries</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Biographies</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Newspapers </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/</b></a>,
for Australian newspapers</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><a href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz</b></a>,
for New Zealand newspapers</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Directories</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Official gazettes</p>
<h3>Accessing records</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FamilySearch</b> is a free site. They
microfilmed and digitised records from around the world. Many of the records
have been indexed.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ancestry</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MyHeritage</b> have indexes to many overseas records and images of many
of them. Both are subscription sites. There is some overlap with FamilySearch.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Findmypast</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TheGenealogist</b> have indexed records from the British Isles.</p>
<h3>Some Family History computer programs</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Family Tree Maker <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Family Historian <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Reunion<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Legacy Family Tree<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Roots Magic<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">TreeView<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Family Tree Builder (MyHeritage)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 177.2pt;">Gramps<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W M</p>
<h1>Some useful websites and resources</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">FamilySearch
(free): <a href="https://www.familysearch.org/en/">https://www.familysearch.org/en/</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">FreeBMD<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk">www.freebmd.org.uk</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">FreeReg<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://www.freereg.org.uk">www.freereg.org.uk</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">FreeCen<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://www.freecen.org.uk">www.freecen.org.uk</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">General Register
Office (England and Wales): <a href="http://www.gro.gov.uk">www.gro.gov.uk</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">ScotlandsPeople:
<a href="http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk">www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">General
Register Office (Republic of Ireland): <a href="http://www.gov.ie/gro">www.gov.ie/gro</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">General
Register Office (N. Ireland): <a href="http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/contacts/general-register-office-northern-ireland">www.nidirect.gov.uk/contacts/general-register-office-northern-ireland</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ancestry ($):
<a href="https://www.ancestry.com.au/">https://www.ancestry.com.au/</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">MyHeritage
($): <a href="https://www.myheritage.com">https://www.myheritage.com</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Findmypast
($): <a href="http://www.findmypast.co.uk">www.findmypast.co.uk</a> or <a href="http://www.findmypast.com.au">www.findmypast.com.au</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">TheGenealogist
($): <a href="http://www.thegenealogist.co.uk">www.thegenealogist.co.uk</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Genes
Reunited<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>($): <a href="https://www.genesreunited.co.uk">https://www.genesreunited.co.uk</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Queensland
BDM: <a href="https://www.familyhistory.bdm.qld.gov.au/">https://www.familyhistory.bdm.qld.gov.au/</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Graham
Jaunay’s civil registration summary: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="http://www.jaunay.com/bdm.html">http://www.jaunay.com/bdm.html</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">National
Archives of Australia: <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au">www.naa.gov.au</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Queensland
State Archives: <a href="https://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/arts/heritage/archives">https://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/arts/heritage/archives</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Queensland
State Archives ArchivesSearch:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/">https://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/</a>
</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-84208389120813495412022-01-26T19:38:00.000-08:002022-01-26T19:38:57.165-08:00<h1 style="text-align: left;"> A Breakthrough in Pommern!</h1><h3 style="text-align: left;">One thing leads to another</h3><p>I was approached by the Pomeranian Special Interest Group (based in California) to do a presentation via Zoom on <i>Pomeranians in Australia</i> on Saturday afternoon January 22 their time or Sunday morning 23 January Brisbane time.</p><p>After a quick introduction to the history of European settlement in Australia and the arrival of significant groups of Germans from 1838 onwards, I spoke about a number of "sample families" from the former Kreis Lauenburg in Pomerania who had settled in Queensland: Kopittke and Rehbein who migrated to Maryborough but settled in Bundaberg and intermarried; Paradies who migrated to Bowen and moved to Charters Towers; and my own great-grandparents Daniel and Charlotte Kopittke, their son Gustav and daughter Auguste who migrated to Brisbane and settled at Geebung, now a Brisbane suburb.</p><p>To my utter surprise, Uwe Kerntopf from Germany posted a comment in the Chat section "Daniel KOPITTKE and Charlotte born JESCHKE married 1838 in Garzigar, County Lauenburg." Now these were indeed my great-grandparents! But why did I not already have the details of their marriage?</p><p>When Daniel died in 1880 in Brisbane, my grandfather Gustav was the informant for the death certificate and gave Daniel's age as 70, that he was born in “Poman, Prussia”, and that he had married Charlotte at Lauenburg. When Charlotte died in 1884, Gustav was again the informant and gave her age as 73, that she was born in “Gotzlow, Pommern, Prussia”, and that she had married Daniel at “Masson, Pommern, Prussia”. I thought that “Masson” might be a corruption of Klein Massow, but with Gotzlow being near Stettin, I thought that to be an error.</p><p>The information from the marriage record now told me that at the time of marriage (6 April 1838), Daniel was described as <i>Knecht in Zelasen </i>(servant in Zelasen) aged 27, Charlotte as <i>Magd in Belgardt</i> (maid in Belgard) aged 24, daughter of George Jeschke <i>verstorbener Tagelöhner in Chotzlow</i> (deceased day-labourer in Chotzlow). </p><p>This would seem to solve the issue of Charlotte's birth place - apparently Chotzlow had been wrongly heard as Gotzlow - Chotzlow is now known by its Polish name Chocielewko and lies about 12 km by road to the south-west of Garzigar which is now known as Garczegorze. Belgard, now known as Bialogarda, lies about 9 km north-north-west of Garzigar; and Zelasen, now known as Żelazna, lies about 18 km to the north-east of Garzigar. I wonder how they met!</p><p>Uwe directed my attention to the database at Stolper Heimatkreise e.V. which contained the details of my great-grandparents marriage. </p><p>https://www.stolp.de/globalindex.html?</p><p>With some 4½ million records in the database, this site is well worth a visit. With the use of wildcards, _ replacing any one character and % replacing any number of characters, the string "K_p%t%k_" entered in the surname field produced 1562 hits which could be variants of the surname "Kopittke".</p><p>So a big thank you to Uwe Kerntopf for reminding me of the Stolper Heimatkreise site, and for the record of the marriage of my great-grandparents. And another big thank you to the numbers of volunteers who have contributed to the Stolper Heimatkreise site!</p>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-33024838233528717612021-08-12T15:15:00.000-07:002021-08-12T15:15:34.907-07:00<h1 style="text-align: left;"> Eric Kopittke's presentations</h1><h3 style="text-align: left;">Contact Eric at eric.kopittke@gmail.com for further details</h3><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">19<sup>th </sup>Century emigration from Germany to Australia</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">– During the 19<sup>th</sup>century, Germans migrated to most of the Australian colonies. This presentation looks at the patterns of migration in the different colonies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A 19th century German’s voyage to the other side of the world</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">– Most of us have some immigrant ancestors. For those who came from the German states or surrounding areas, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">what would their voyage to the other side of the world during the mid 19<sup>th</sup>century have been like? This presentation is based on the writings of two German emigrants who told their families of their travels and experiences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">An introduction to Danish genealogy</span></u></b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 11pt; padding: 0cm;">– Tracing your family history in Denmark can be problematic because of the patronymic surnames, but there are some excellent records that are available. This presentation gives a brief overview of some of the problems and some of the resources associated with Danish research.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Church Archives and Records for German Research</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Prior to the introduction of civil registration, church records provide details of baptisms, marriages and burials. German records often give far more detail than their English equivalents. A variety of examples illustrate the use of these records.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Civil Records in Germany</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Unlike Australian and British records, German civil registration is not centrally located nor did all regions begin at the same time. Discover how to locate and use these records.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Danish Census and Emigration</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - The earliest census in Denmark predates those in the British Isles - an overview of this valuable resource for Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Also covers the Copenhagen Police Records of Emigration.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Early Germans in Brisbane</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - That the first free settlers in Brisbane were a group of German missionaries is not as widely known as it should be. Some insights into their contributions and influence on the young city are described.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Emigrant Lists for European Ancestors</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - An overview of the Hamburg Emigration lists – direct and indirect – why these are useful for researching your European ancestors.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">German family history in the "Information Age"</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - An increasing amount of material is available about people and places on the internet. This talk explores a range of resources available for places in the former German Empire.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Getting started in German Research</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- An overview of key German sources to get you started researching your German ancestors.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">In the steps of my ancestor</span></u></b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></u><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">– what might I learn?</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">– Visiting those places at which your ancestor lived and worked can give us insights into his/her life, whether these be in our local area, elsewhere in our own country, or on the other side of the earth. What resources are useful, and what might we find?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Locating your German immigrant ancestor’s place of origin </span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- Knowing where our ancestors came from is important no matter from where that was, but for those of us with family origins in Germanic areas it is especially important since records were recorded and stored locally, not centrally. This presentation looks at resources that can help you identify your immigrant ancestor’s place of origin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Maps and Gazetteers for German Research</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Maps and gazetteers are essential for family historians. Knowing where our Central European families came from and locating that place in a gazetteer and on a map is extremely important as we search for records that reference them..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Milestones in German history that impacted my ancestors</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">– A brief overview of one thousand years of German history and how this might have impacted my ancestors’ lives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Overview of History of Poland</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - A brief overview of one thousand years of Polish history and how this might have impacted my ancestors’ lives.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Reading German Handwriting and understanding the records</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Reading the old German writing is initially daunting. Hints to help decipher the letters are given along with the opportunity to practice. As well there is an introduction to the German language. <o:p></o:p></span></p>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-62049532912308623912021-03-26T06:21:00.001-07:002021-03-26T06:21:59.579-07:003rd ONLINE POMMERN CONNECTION SESSION<p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">The </span><a class="" href="https://www.ahnenforscher-stammtisch-unna.de/" rel="noopener" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;" target="_blank">Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;">, the </span><a class="" href="https://www.pommerscher-greif.de/" rel="noopener" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;" target="_blank">Pommerscher Greif</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;"> and the </span><a class="" href="https://iggpartner.org/" rel="noopener" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;" target="_blank">International German Genealogy Partnership</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px;"> are hosting the</span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><strong class="">3rd</strong><strong class=""> ONLINE POMMERN CONNECTION SESSION</strong></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><strong class="">in English, via Zoom</strong></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><strong class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Saturday, 27 March 2021</strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><strong class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">from 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm CET (Germany)</span></strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><strong class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Sunday, 28 March 2021</span></strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><strong class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">4:00 am - 6:00 am (Brisbane)</span></strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><strong class=""></strong></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><strong class=""></strong></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><strong class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Topic: "1000 Years of Pomerania"<br class="" />Speaker: Dr. Klaus-D. Kohrt</span></strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">As is true of most of Europe, Pommern has a long and fascinating history of changing borders and political jurisdictions that can affect where civil records are kept today. In his talk, Dr. Kohrt will take us through a timeline of Pommern’s administrative boundaries from the Middle Ages to the present day<strong class=""></strong></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">The ONLINE POMMERN CONNECTION SESSION provides a casual opportunity to meet others who are researching in Pommern and offers an open forum for questions and discussion about any topics related to research in the region. Members of the Pommerscher Greif will be available to answer your questions about research methods and resources.</span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><strong class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">REGISTER HERE:</span></strong></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><a class="" href="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZMpcuuqqzwjGNCkVVqKrw0XAaauH6gGYa7l" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZMpcuuqqzwjGNCkVVqKrw0XAaauH6gGYa7l"></a><a class="" href="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZcvf-yprj0uE9fSZkhexVPN74v_H_ng7mXH" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZcvf-yprj0uE9fSZkhexVPN74v_H_ng7mXH</a><a class="" href="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZMpcuuqqzwjGNCkVVqKrw0XAaauH6gGYa7l" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZMpcuuqqzwjGNCkVVqKrw0XAaauH6gGYa7l"></a><a aria-labelledby="copyRegistrationInvitation meeting-register-title" aria-modal="true" class="" href="http://" rel="noopener" target="_blank"></a></span></p><p class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">In preparation for the ONLINE POMMERN CONNECTION SESSION, please eMail any questions and/or topics that you would especially like to cover during the meeting to </span><a class="" href="mailto:info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de" rel="noopener" style="font-size: 14px;" target="_blank" title="info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de">info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de</a></p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-26369268296391610232021-03-26T06:02:00.000-07:002021-03-26T06:02:18.785-07:00Online recordings of online connection sessions<h1 style="text-align: left;">Online recordings of online connection sessions</h1><h3 style="text-align: left;">IGGP</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Over the past months, member organisations of the International German Genealogy Partnership (www.iggp.org) in Germany and Austria have conducted free Online Connection Sessions in English to assist English speakers in their genealogical research in different areas in Germany. Unfortunately, the tyranny of different time zones has meant that these presentations have been held in the early morning hours here in Australia. However the presentations have been recorded and are available on YouTube.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Westfalen (Westphalia)</h3><p style="text-align: left;">The recording of the Online Connection Session about Westfalen by the Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna, the Westfälische Gesellschaft für Genealogie und Familienforschung (WGGF) and the International German Genealogy Partnership (IGGP) in English language from Saturday, 5 December 2020 is available at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIU3fHEgmh4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIU3fHEgmh4</a></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Pommern (Pomerania)</h3><p style="text-align: left;">The Online Connection Session about Pommern, hosted by the International German Genealogy Partnership, the Pommerscher Greif and the Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna on 19 December 2020 is available at <a class="" href="https://youtu.be/--QwJxFLpiQ"><span style="font-family: times;">https://youtu.be/--QwJxFLpiQ</span></a></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Schleswig-Holstein</h3><p style="text-align: left;">The Online Connection Session about Schleswig-Holstein, hosted by the International German Genealogy Partnership, the SHFam and the Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna on 20th January 2021 is available at <a class="" href="https://youtu.be/Duc7OzIj3tQ"><span style="font-family: times;">https://youtu.be/Duc7OzIj3tQ</span></a></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Hessen (Hesse)</h3><p style="text-align: left;">The Online Connection Session about Hessen hosted by the Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna, the Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung (HfV) and the International German Genealogy Partnership (IGGP) on February 20th, 2021 is available at <a href="https://youtu.be/FBTa4yyv6xk"><span style="font-family: times;">https://youtu.be/FBTa4yyv6xk</span></a></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Austria</h3><p style="text-align: left;">The recording of the Online Connection Session about Austria hosted by the Ahnenforscher Stammtisch Unna in cooperation with Familia Austria and the International German Genealogy Partnership (IGGP) on Saturday, 13 March 2021 is available at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoufsXtXtds">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoufsXtXtds</a></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h3><p style="text-align: left;">.The sessions provided excellent information about the areas covered and are well worthwhile viewing.</p>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-76049451388858024482021-03-04T19:29:00.002-08:002021-03-04T19:29:58.820-08:00<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hello Friends and Partners,</span></p></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ahnenforscher </span><span class="" style="color: #212121; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Stammtisch </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unna, Familia-Austria, </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">and the</span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> IGGP</span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> are hosting an </span></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ONLINE AUSTRIA CONNECTION SESSION (</span><span class="" style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in </span><span class="" style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">English</span><span class="" style="background-color: transparent; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> via Zoom)</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Saturday, March 13, 2021 19:00-21:00 in Germany</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">BUT in Australia on Sunday morning 14 March at </span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2:00-4:00 AM in Perth</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3:30-5:30 AM in Darwin</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4:00-6:00 AM in Brisbane</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4:30-6:30 AM in Adelaide</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5:00-7:00 AM in Sydney</span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">English</span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> via Zoom</span></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 9pt 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Austria Connection Session </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is a casual opportunity to meet others who are researching in Austria and offers an open forum for questions and discussion about any topics related to research in the region. Members of </span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Familia-Austria</span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will give an introduction to doing research in Austria and will be available to answer your questions about research methods and resources.</span></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Familia-Austria </span><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">is the Austrian Society for Genealogy and History. Its research focus is the entire Habsburg/Danubian Austria-Hungary Monarchy, including Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary. Society members have created large databases including about 12 million persons in old Austria. The society maintains a library in Vienna and produces a series of publications. Visitors to their extensive homepage</span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><a class="" href="https://www.familia-austria.at/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">www.familia-austria.at/</span></a><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) will find 1400 pages filled with information about Austria-Hungary.</span></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Register here:</span><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a class="" href="https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZEpce-hrTMiHt1zw4sprg9Uia5mdUXNauKU" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZEpce-hrTMiHt1zw4sprg9Uia5mdUXNauKU</span></a></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In preparation for the Online Connection Session, we invite you to email questions and/or topics that you would especially like to cover during the Connection Session to</span><span class="" style="color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> <a class="" href="mailto:info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de">info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de</a></span></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Please share with members of your organization</b></span><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> who may be interested in connecting with researchers in the region. </span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Click here to download a flyer and to share as a link, as an email, or to social media: </b></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a class="" href="https://tockify.com/genealogy.events/detail/189/1615658400000" style="text-decoration: none;">https://tockify.com/genealogy.events/detail/189/1615658400000</a></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="" /></span></div><div class="" style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="" style="color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We look forward to connecting with you! </span></div><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">AHNENFORSCHER STAMMTISCH UNNA </span></p><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a class="" href="mailto:info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de">E-Mail: info@ahnenforscherstammtisch.de</a></span></p><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><br class="" /></div><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Homepage: </span><a class="" href="http://www.ahnenforscherstammtisch.de/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://www.ahnenforscherstammtisch.de</span></a></span></p><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Facebook:</span><a class="" href="https://www.facebook.com/afstunna" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.facebook.com/afstunna</span></a></span></p><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Twitter:</span><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a class="" href="https://twitter.com/ahnenforscher" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://twitter.com/ahnenforscher</span></a></span></p><p class="" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Instagram: </span><span class="" style="background-color: white; color: #0056d6; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a class="" href="https://www.instagram.com/ahnenforscherstammtischunna/" style="text-decoration: none;">https://www.instagram.com/ahnenforscherstammtischunna/</a></span></span></p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-49296167209660997272021-02-11T22:23:00.001-08:002021-03-04T17:25:24.995-08:00International Conference on German genealogy and family history<p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"> Here is a great opportunity to attend an international conference on German genealogy and family history from the comfort of your home. Although running in America from <span style="color: #26282a; text-align: center;">July 17 to July 24 it will be presented<b> </b>online with speakers from Germany and America.</span></span></p><div><div id="ydp771aa4d2yiv7083466800"><div class="ydp771aa4d2yiv7083466800ydpe939d235yahoo-style-wrap"><div dir="ltr"><div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: 26px;"><strong>REGISTRATION FOR THE 2021 VIRTUAL</strong></span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: 26px;"><strong>IGGP CONFERENCE IS OPEN</strong></span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><strong><em><span style="font-family: times;">And early bird pricing runs through March 31, 2021!</span></em></strong></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;">When registering, choose which package suits your German genealogy needs best:</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: darkgreen; font-size: 16px;"><strong>LIVE:</strong></span><span style="color: #26282a;"> access to watch our eight marquee speakers (</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(38, 40, 42); color: #26282a;">Ute Brandenburg, Wolfgang Grams, Timo Kracke, Roger Minert, Judy Russell, Katherine Schober, Diahan Southard, and Michael Strauss)<br /></span><span style="color: #26282a;">present live on July 17 and July 24. Three will be presenting in German! Also included are access to the virtual exhibition hall, recorded sponsor demos and Connections sessions for live networking with fellow researchers. </span><strong style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;">$119 USD until March 31 (afterwards $169 USD)<br /><br /></strong></span></li><li style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: darkgreen;"><strong>ON DEMAND:</strong></span> access for 1 year to view more than 50 recorded presentations from German genealogy experts around the world. Also included are the recorded sponsor demos. <strong>$179 USD until March 31 (afterwards $229 USD)<br /><br /></strong></span></li><li style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: darkgreen;"><strong>COMBO:</strong></span> Watch the marquee speakers live on July 17 and 24, and then take up to 12 months to view any or all the recorded speaker presentations as well as sponsor demos. Also participate in the virtual exhibition hall and Connections sessions live. <strong>$229 USD until March 31 (afterwards $279 USD)</strong><br /><br /></span></li><li style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: darkgreen;"><strong>USB WORKS:</strong></span> Everything is included! Live and recorded presentations, sponsor demos, virtual exhibitions and Connections sessions. Plus, a preloaded USB drive that gives you lifetime access to the speaker presentations. <strong>$249 USD until March 31 (afterwards $295 USD)</strong></span></li></ul><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><strong>Register here:</strong> <a href="https://playbacknow.regfox.com/iggp2021" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://playbacknow.regfox.com/iggp2021</a><strong> Questions:</strong> <a href="mailto:info@iggc.info?subject=2021%20IGGP%20conference%20question" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">info@iggc.info</a></span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: 14px;"><em>To stay up-to-date on conference news, </em></span></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: 14px;"><em>visit the <a href="https://iggc.info/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IGGP 2021 Official Blog</a> and sign up for the <a href="https://iggc.info/newsletter/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IGGP Conference Newsletter</a></em></span></div></div><div style="color: #26282a; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ydp771aa4d2yahoo_quoted" id="ydp771aa4d2yahoo_quoted_4040256834" style="font-size: 16px;"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-30721445592257567812021-01-20T13:55:00.000-08:002021-01-20T13:55:25.817-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div><span id="docs-internal-guid-b45b61d1-7fff-7ea1-d79a-db771d78a15f"><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="border: none; clear: right; display: inline-block; float: right; height: 42px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 265px;"><img height="42" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/BzED__T9C-tEuqrEsn2_3hw1uAFi2x6ysnKIFTaqYh8ruYEcckS1d3V3uvj2vAdmg99_rZ5BChcCrXzZRPRILPLw5ao2t-7osGz_ui4GhM4cg2QUQUCkDlS0Sq97adQycYCLvVXPmJbXYfTnLw" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="265" /></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Contact details:</span></h1><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Eric Kopittke </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Email</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: kopittke@tpg.com.au</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blog: </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">www.erickopittke.blogspot.com.au</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><h2 style="clear: right; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Brief historical background of the German region</span></h2><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Roman Empire</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="border: 1pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; height: 115px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 151px;"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/MtXiGzOIdrB5kTjv6azNsKutLr8bJVhQjOztTeLjeclUVjSwkY0hIWhq7l6kpeK1OYNqz-aq_ErM35uxZk58pfUXJGpxW2kb5QX7Wddf8XElpN9cD2O-KJym546t7gQ_mKzcB58qHpUlUhLdvw=s16000" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0pt;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="39" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/snuKZdBzzmIlJa-oRuj47SA/image?w=152&h=39&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none;" width="152" /></p></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Germani</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> was a term apparently introduced by Julius Caesar and applied to a group of tribes from what is now Belgium and neighbouring areas. Believed to have migrated from east of the Rhine.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Germanic tribes proved difficult to subdue and the Empire boundaries tended to be the Rhine and Danube Rivers. The Romans established some cities in Germany.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire (100-500 A.D.)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="216" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/sNaTcnt4FqMU1TJUOwgMckg/image?w=273&h=216&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; white-space: normal;" width="273" /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Huns were a nomadic people whose probable origin was in eastern Asia. Generally associated with extreme cruelty and barbarism, their most feared leader was Attila (reigned 434-453 A.D.).</span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They conquered the Goths and other Germanic and Slavic peoples. Romans became aware of the Huns in 376 when thousands of Goths crossed the Danube seeking refuge in the Roman Empire.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Germanic tribes moved towards west and south because of pressure from peoples to the east (Huns, Slavs etc) and population pressure. Some of these groups adopted Latin based languages (France, Spain, Italy, …). In the fifth century, Germanic tribes overran Rome</span></p><div><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Kingdom of the Franks (Francia) and the Holy Roman Empire</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="237" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/s_5VvraekBRsWT-uvMVkjyg/image?w=249&h=237&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; white-space: normal;" width="249" /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Franks were a Germanic tribe whose territory was near the Lower Rhine and Loire Rivers. They adopted Christianity and supplied soldiers for the Roman Empire. Under the Merovingian dynasty (481-751) they conquered neighbouring Frankish kingdoms. The following Carolingian dynasty under the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered the surrounding Germanic tribes, forcing them to convert to Christianity. He was crowned ‘Emperor of the Romans’ 25 Dec 800.</span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After the death of Charlemagne, the title passed to his son, Louis the Pious (778-20 June 840). The death of Louis led to war between his sons which was settled by the Treaty of Verdun (August 843), dividing Francia between the three sons: East, Middle and West Francia.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">West Francia became France. East Francia became the Holy Roman Empire incorporating Saxon, Italian and Bohemian lands. Middle Francia was fought over by its neighbours for 1100 years.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The title ‘Emperor of the Romans’ was continued by Charlemagne’s successors until 924, and then revived in 962 under Otto the Great. From this time on, the German princes would elect one of their own as King of the Romans</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">who would later be crowned as Emperor.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hohenstaufen dynasty</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">During the Hohenstaufen dynasty (1138-1254) German princes arranged a peaceful eastward settlement into uninhabited or sparsely inhabited areas in the Western Slavic lands. Farmers, traders, craftsmen from the western part of the Empire migrated into these areas which over time were ‘Germanised’. However not all of the Germanic eastward expansion into Slavic areas was peaceful, evidence of which can be seen in names of regions such as Altmark, Neumark, Uckermark, Grenzmark or Steiermark (Styria, Austria); or in the designation of a region as a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Markgrafschaft</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Margraviate).</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Austria</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bavarians and Franks under Charlemagne pushed east in the late 8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> century displacing Slavs and Avars. Emperor Otto established the Bavarian Eastern March under Leopold the Illustrious, count of Babenberg, in 976, subsequently to become Austria </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Österreich</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> – the eastern kingdom. The Babenbergs were Margraves of Austria until 1156. From 1156 to 1453 Austria was a duchy within the Empire The Babenbergs remained as dukes until 1246.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Poland and Prussia</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Knights of the Teutonic Order were invited in 1226 by Duke Konrad of Masovia to Christianise the 'pagan Prussians' in the region bordering the Baltic Sea. The Teutonic Knights grew in power and influence, controlling the Vistula River and hence Polish access to the Baltic Sea. German and Dutch settlers were brought into area. Prussian language and identity ultimately eliminated.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mongol Invasions 1236-1242</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Much of Eastern Europe was brought into the empire of the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Golden Horde</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Batu Khan and Kadan, grandsons of Genghis Khan, led raids into central Europe in 1241 and 1242. Five armies attacked central Europe. Warring European princes had to cooperate or be destroyed. Poland & Moravia were defeated at Legnica (Liegnitz) 9 Apr 1241 and Henry the Pious, Duke of Silesia was killed. Wenceslaus I King of Bohemia fled back home and successfully defended Bohemia with aid of Thuringia and Saxony but Moravia and Silesia were ravaged.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hungary was defeated at Mohi 11 Apr 1241 with nearly half of the inhabited places in Hungary destroyed and with the death of 20-40% of the population.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hanseatic League</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="250" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/s_qLZVIYm8PDOg_15hrhEJA/image?w=345&h=250&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none;" width="345" /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Hanseatic League was a confederation of market towns and merchant guilds in North Western and Central Europe. Established for defence and to promote trade, its origins were with a few North German towns in the late 12</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> century. The first documented use of the term </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hanse</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> was in 1267.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The League grew to dominate trade in the Baltic and North Seas, and along the navigable rivers. The cities of the Hanseatic League operated their own legal system and had their own armies for protection. The operations of the League served to promote the development of industries such as textiles in Germany.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">German colonists settled in the eastern cities. The influence of the League diminished after 1450.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Holy Roman Empire</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the 13</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> century the Holy Roman Emperor came to be elected by a college of Electoral Princes or Electors. Originally consisting of the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Duke of Saxony, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, and the Margrave of Brandenburg, over the years the members of the college changed.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Habsburg dynasty (1278-1918)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1251 some Austrian nobles invited King Ottokar of Bohemia to rule Austria. He seized control. Ottokar was married to Margaret of Babenberg. In 1273, Ottokar contested the Imperial throne but Rudolph of Habsburg was elected instead. Ottokar refused to accept the result.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In November 1274 the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg ruled that Ottokar should answer to the Diet and restore all crown estates that had been seized. Ottokar refused to comply and was placed under the imperial ban. War was declared against him in June 1276 and Rudolph laid siege to Vienna. The two rival armies finally met at the Battle on the Marchfeld and on 26 August 1278, Ottokar was defeated and killed. In 1278, Rudolph of Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, assumed sole control over Austria as Duke of Austria and Styria. This commenced the Habsburg dynasty’s control over Austria as Dukes and later Archdukes that lasted until 1918.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Poland and Prussia</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1386 Queen Jadwiga of Poland married Grand Duke Jagiello of Lithuania, beginning the personal union of Poland and Lithuania. In 1410 the Polish-Lithuanian forces defeated the Knights of the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Grunwald or Tannenberg. The Teutonic Order became subject to the Polish crown and the area was known as Prussia.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1466, Prussia was divided. The western part was ruled directly by the Polish crown. The eastern part was ruled by the Teutonic Order who were vassals of the Polish crown.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="border: 1pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); display: inline-block; height: 151px; overflow: hidden; width: 207px;"><img height="151" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/D1LfGIRqBtim6tWTtAtjLUinucEiyCRRPasssj4ScwfJkCS5O5DeZPSB3l8qXqWk5ML0TsrMM_DKkFusdqVMpBBO9yraYw1-JZSu-NG-wyDOhmncVrdWoH2TCR7EQTvvN_upWmL01Yz1_Z6XZQ" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="207" /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="48" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/ssG8MfFF9dT34hN0fObiV3A/image?w=208&h=48&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none;" width="208" /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Habsburg dynasty (1452 – 1806)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1440, the college of Electors elected Frederick V of Habsburg, Duke of Austria, as King of the Germans (Frederick IV). He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III in 1452. The Hapsburgs continued to serve as Emperors until the end of the Empire in 1806.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reformation and Thirty Years War</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Bohemia Jan Hus (John Huss) a Czech priest preached in Prague and demanded reformation within the church. Following his burning at the stake in 1415, his followers (Hussites) rebelled against their Roman Catholic rulers. Freedom of religion was negotiated in 1436 but declared invalid by Pope Pius II in 1462. Some freedoms remained. Archduke Ferdinand I became King of Bohemia in 1526, bringing Bohemia into the Hapsburg Monarchy.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Other pockets of opposition to the Church had surfaced over the years but had been ruthlessly suppressed.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Martin Luther posted 95 Theses (propositions for debate) concerning abuses within the church in October 1517. These prompted much interest throughout Europe.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is estimated that by the time of Luther, 90% of the inhabitants of the Czech lands were not Roman Catholics.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In Zürich in Switzerland, the priest Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli began preaching in 1518 on his ideas for the reformation of the church. His ideas gained popularity amongst some of the Swiss cantons.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Jean (John) Calvin moved from France to Geneva in Switzerland in 1536. Calvin’s teachings and writings greatly influenced the Reformation movement across Europe. In Germany they formed the basis of the Reformed church. The views of Calvin and Zwingli on communion were similar but different to those of Luther.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Anabaptists were groups who rejected infant baptism and believed that only true believers should be baptised.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Many of the Princes of the Empire adopted the Reformation as did the Knights of the Teutonic Order. This led to years of struggle between the Catholic states under the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, and a league of Protestant princes. The </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Peace of Augsburg</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> officially ended the struggle in 1555 and established the principle </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cuius region, eius religio</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Whose realm, his religion). The princes could select either Lutheranism or Catholicism within their domains</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Those subjects or citizens who could not conform to their prince’s religion were permitted to migrate with their possessions to another region where their religion was accepted.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Other groups such as Calvinists and Anabaptists were considered heretics and could be put to death.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1618, Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Bohemia later Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, wanted religious uniformity imposed on his territories. Two Catholic representatives were sent to Prague – thrown out of a castle window and seriously injured.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Thirty years of warfare ensued, initially between the Imperial forces and the Protestant princes but over the years the Empire’s neighbours became embroiled. Ended by </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Peace of Westphalia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 1648 by which principle of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cuius region, eius religio</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Peace of Augsburg</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> reiterated. This time it included the Calvinists. Christians living in territories where they were not of the established religion were permitted to practice their faith in public during specified hours.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In many areas of Germany church records exist only after the Thirty Years War because of the destruction that occurred.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prussia</span></span><div><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Knights of the Teutonic Order accepted the Lutheran Reformation with the Grand Master becoming Duke of Prussia.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1618 John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg became Duke in Prussia by marrying Anna, Duchess of Prussia. Ducal (east) Prussia remained subject to Polish Crown until Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector removed Ducal Prussia from Polish sovereignty in 1657.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1701, Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia elevated Ducal Prussia to a kingdom becoming Frederick I King in Prussia. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1740-45 – Frederick II the Great of Prussia annexed Silesia (from Austria).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><img aria-roledescription="Drawing" height="250" src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/u/0/d/sTf54MjSlj4G_3AIlnJBavw/image?w=241&h=250&rev=1&ac=1&parent=1gJm6-F5AAsqTibC_iHnheInWrnhtn_zQWflVzmtciT8" style="border: none;" width="241" /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1772, 1793 and 1795 Poland was divided between its neighbours, Prussia, Austria and Russia and ceased to exist.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">19</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;">th</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Century</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Under occupation by French forces, 16 German states seceded from the Empire and formed the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, with Napoleon as ‘Protector’. This led to the dissolution of the Empire. A further 19 states later joined the Confederation. The French system of Civil Registration of births, marriages and deaths was generally imposed in the occupied states.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Following the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo under Wellington and von Blücher, the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) reorganised the European borders including those of the German states. Prussia gained territories such as Westphalia and part of Saxony (the Province of Saxony leaving a much reduced Kingdom of Saxony).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Following Congress of Vienna, German Confederation was established which included the Duchy of Holstein but not the Duchy of Schleswig. The Danish King was Duke of Schleswig and Duke of Holstein. Prussia implemented a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zollverein</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (customs union) within its territories. This was extended to include the German Confederation in 1834 but excluded Austria.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1848 – a year of revolutions. Some who were involved emigrated to escape reprisals. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1848 First Schleswig War – Denmark wished to annex Schleswig with its strong Danish population, the Germans, especially in Holstein, believed that Schleswig and Holstein must remain united ‘</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">for ever together undivided’</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> as by the ancient treaty of Ribe. They wanted close association with the German Confederation. Prussia intervened against Denmark and the conflict ended after pressure from the Great Powers.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1864 Second Schleswig War – After Schleswig was merged into Denmark, Austria and Prussia intervened against Denmark. Schleswig & Holstein came under Prussian & Austrian control.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1866 Austro – Prussian War. Austria was driven out of Holstein; Prussia annexed Schleswig and Holstein as the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein. The North German Confederation was established.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1868 Prussia annexed Hannover and Hessen-Nassau.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1871 Franco-Prussian War – Prussian forces marched into Paris, Alsace-Lorraine (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Elsaß-Lothringen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) seized, remainder of German states join with Prussia to form German Empire with the Prussian king as emperor.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20th Century</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1914-1918 World War 1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. After the defeat of Germany, the Treaty of Versailles redrew the map of Europe and imposed reparations on the Central Powers. Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine, northern Schleswig, Posen and West Prussia. Poland was re-created from territories returned from Germany, Austria and Russia. The Saar basin, a highly industrialised region, was to be occupied and governed by France and the United Kingdom for 15 years under a League of Nations Mandate, and its coal fields were ceded to France. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Germany was to pay reparations in cash and kind to the Allies for the damage done during the war. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1933 Hitler and the NSDAP (Nazi Party) rose to power in Germany, partly in response to the perceived injustices of the Treaty of Versailles. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1935 A plebiscite in the Saar region voted overwhelmingly for union with Germany.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1939-1945 World War 2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Germany lost all territories east of the Oder-Neisse Rivers and the remainder of Germany was divided into four occupation zones. Millions of refugees fled or were expelled from the former eastern territories. Prussia no longer existed. The German provinces and states were reorganised.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The French, British and American occupation zones became the German Federal Republic (BRD) and the Russian zone became the German Democratic Republic (DDR).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1990 Germany was reunited when the DDR became part of the BRD.</span></p><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span><p></p></div>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-14312809290634139272019-07-14T05:34:00.000-07:002019-07-14T05:34:29.696-07:00DNA – can it assist my family history research?<h2>
DNA</h2>
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Can it assist my family history research?</h3>
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Having been researching my families from Germany, the former German eastern territories (now in Poland), and England and Wales for over thirty years, I had located the villages from which they departed in the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s for the long voyage by ship to their new homes in Australia. This was done by reading and studying paper documents or copies of these on microfilm or microfiche. </div>
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In recent years DNA testing has been widely advertised in a way that seems to imply that your genetic makeup will identify the places from which your ancestors came. Having identified my ancestral places of origin I saw that aspect of DNA research as a sideline only. In fact the estimates of ethnic origin were only broadly in accord with the known places of origin.</div>
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I thought that the greatest benefit would be through the ability of the programs to compare my DNA samples with the millions of other samples and so to find other people who might be (distantly) related to me. The number of people who share matching DNA with me has increased over time as more and more people take DNA tests, and I have been able to identify the way in which many of these are related to me. Some smaller matches belonged to distant cousins from branches of the families who had migrated from Germany to America. However some matches belong to people for whom I cannot identify the relationship. </div>
<div>
Although my DNA matches have allowed me to discover some previously unknown branches of my family, I realise that I need to learn more about some of the advanced aspects of DNA. Fortunately a series of seminars will be held in the Australian mainland state capital cities and Canberra 14–31 August that will give me new insights into the use of my DNA test results. World renowned DNA expert Blaine Bettinger will be the key speaker, backed up by Australian experts. I'll be there!</div>
<div>
<img alt="" class="wp-image-2581 alignnone size-full" height="400" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" src="https://110483-502007-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Uncover-Mysteries-instagram-2.jpg" srcset="https://110483-502007-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Uncover-Mysteries-instagram-2.jpg 400w, https://110483-502007-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Uncover-Mysteries-instagram-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https://110483-502007-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Uncover-Mysteries-instagram-2-300x300.jpg 300w" width="400" /></div>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-48223356355050626772019-07-13T21:35:00.001-07:002019-07-13T21:44:30.951-07:00Queensland Family History Society, Central European Group Meeting 27 July 2019<h2>
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">Queensland Family History Society</span></span></h2>
<h3>
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">Central European Interest Group</span></span></h3>
<h4>
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">Saturday 27th July 2019</span></span></h4>
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">The next Queensland Family History Society (QFHS) Central European Interest Group meeting will be Saturday, 27th July 2019, 10 a.m. till 12 noon at the QFHS library and resource centre, </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">58 Bellevue Ave, </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">Gaythorne QLD 4051. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">The group exists to assist those who are researching their family history from Germany and surrounding countries. Visitors are welcome. Donation of $2 goes to purchasing more resources.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , "blinkmacsystemfont" , , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(28, 30, 33); font-size: 14px;">Robert Heimann who is based in Graz in Austria and is visiting Australia will bring a presentation entitled "When Golinski isn't Golinski - a study of names in 18th and 19th century Prussian Poland." Those who were at the GAGHA conference in Adelaide last year had the chance to hear Robert on a different topic.</span></span>Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-45003588409162068652017-10-09T04:14:00.000-07:002017-10-09T04:14:48.192-07:00<h1>
GAGHA Biannual Conference<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Have you heard of the
German-Australian Genealogy & History Alliance (GAGHA)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In May 2016, Dirk
Weissleder from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deutsche
Arbeitsgemeinschaft genealogischer Verbände e.V.</i> (DAGV – the umbrella
organisation of German genealogical societies) contacted several individuals
and genealogy and family history societies around Australia with a view of
creating a network similar to the German American Genealogical Partnership
(GAGP). GAGP has subsequently been renamed as the International German
Genealogy Partnership (IGGP). In September 2016 GAGHA was formed as an alliance
of genealogy and family history societies with an interest in German-Australian
history, culture and genealogy. GAGHA joined the International German Genealogy
Partnership (IGGP) in February 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">GAGHA will be
holding its first biannual conference on 17-19 August 2018 in Adelaide. Titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">GAGHACon 2018: </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Australisches
Deutschtum</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> it will provide
an opportunity for those of us who are interested in German-Australian genealogy
and history to get together and network and learn. The venue is at Union House,
University of Adelaide, Victoria Drive, Adelaide. Registrations will open in
February 2018. Follow the link on the GAGHA website <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://www.germanheritage.org.au/</b></span><span style="color: #555555; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Of course, many of
us live a long way away from Adelaide, but it is planned to stream the sessions
so that members of GAGHA who cannot get to Adelaide can watch the presentations
locally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Do you have a
presentation or a story about any aspect of German-Australian history or
culture that is interesting and of use to others? </span>Consider telling your
story whether it is from research, a project, an exhibition or your society.
Let others know what is happening around Australia. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">There is a call for talks with proposals due 31 December 2017. See the
link on the GAGHA website <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://www.germanheritage.org.au/</b>
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-69876023537971338662017-06-24T03:02:00.000-07:002017-06-24T03:02:12.572-07:00Researching abroad: Finding British Isles and European AncestorsIn the month of August there will be the chance for family historians to hear two international speakers in a series of seminars held in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Adelaide and Perth. Chris Paton from Scotland will talk about researching ancestors from the British Isles and Dirk Weissleder from Germany will talk about researching German and European ancestors.<br />
<br />
Click <a href="http://www.unlockthepast.com.au/events/researching-abroad-finding-british-isles-and-european-ancestors" target="_blank">here</a> for details of the program at the various venues.<br />
<br />
This is a great opportunity to come and learn and have your questions answered!<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmPD6N3Qwe_sIAiilW_9HDB_2qQ6LSoh9UWwmxmY1x15wyeAKccRYRs-k3AgCxP68yL-AAiTTzwTGo7vi7GQ0NRpSIk2dH1ygXdI5hAY-zccU5OUAuDX-fyQ0XeVNQ8a7E0vfiMOUKhzc/s1600/Official+Ambassador150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmPD6N3Qwe_sIAiilW_9HDB_2qQ6LSoh9UWwmxmY1x15wyeAKccRYRs-k3AgCxP68yL-AAiTTzwTGo7vi7GQ0NRpSIk2dH1ygXdI5hAY-zccU5OUAuDX-fyQ0XeVNQ8a7E0vfiMOUKhzc/s1600/Official+Ambassador150.jpg" /></a></div>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-14004920820145322182017-03-30T02:03:00.002-07:002017-03-30T02:23:37.972-07:00DNA matches to German families - is it possible?My wife and I have been researching our respective families for some thirty years. Back in the "old days" research meant walking through cemeteries looking for headstones, visiting the Queensland State Archives looking through microfilms, card indexes, and dusty bundles of Land Selection or Probate files, or visiting an LDS Family History Centre to read microfiche or microfilms. There were no online indexes then that could be viewed from the comfort of the home.<br />
<br />
Of course things have changed and so much more information is readily accessible, although those of us who are used to visiting archives realise that 'it's not all online' by any stretch of the imagination.<br />
<br />
<div>
Recent years have seen aggressive marketing of DNA testing, which the advertisements seem to imply, will use your genetic makeup to identify the places from which your ancestors came. Our thirty or so years of research had identified our ancestral places of origin, so we saw that aspect of DNA research as a sideline only. In fact it would be interesting to compare the speculation of our origins with the hard documentary evidence that we had painstakingly assembled.<br />
<br />
We thought that the greatest benefit would be through the ability of the programs to compare our DNA samples with the millions of other samples and so to find other people who might be (distantly) related to us. We knew that small matching segments of DNA might match by chance rather than there being any real relationship.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Ethnicity Estimate</h3>
So how do my results from the test with Ancestry stack up against the research? Its Ethnicity Estimate is shown here:<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv9VWFl_wqTIKnaF-BGAv6nPKPt5JrW3nSUmCAq6fbnLUnWQJ_59nmeIUDWOj8UnXhRrA8-rsstoIAH5MKqpqlNMoibWuN5T3IBqQYBMSwrInctelQ9C_OZ4gniJ5mEGXddjDqXpq3Vlk/s1600/Ancestry+Ethnic+communities+1.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv9VWFl_wqTIKnaF-BGAv6nPKPt5JrW3nSUmCAq6fbnLUnWQJ_59nmeIUDWOj8UnXhRrA8-rsstoIAH5MKqpqlNMoibWuN5T3IBqQYBMSwrInctelQ9C_OZ4gniJ5mEGXddjDqXpq3Vlk/s320/Ancestry+Ethnic+communities+1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ethnicity Estimate for Eric Kopittke from Ancestry.com.au</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
How do these values compare with the evidence?</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>My father's parents were both born in the former eastern parts of the Kingdom of Prussia, one in Pomerania, the other in West Prussia. Since World War 2, these areas have been in Poland. They were settled by slavic peoples with later German migration from the west. Since "Europe East" includes Poland as well as other areas, 48% is close to the documented 50%.</li>
<li>My maternal grandfather was the son of migrants from the northern and western parts of Germany, one from Schleswig-Holstein, the other from North Rhine-Westphalia. I can therefore trace 25% of my ancestry to parts of modern day Germany. Since 'Europe West' includes Germany, the 30% is probably a little high.</li>
<li>In Schleswig-Holstein there was a mixing of German, Danish, and Friesian peoples, and some of the ancestors of my great-grandmother had Danish names - perhaps that is where the 10% Scandinavian came from.</li>
<li>Both of my maternal grandmother's parents were from Sussex in England, with their ancestral roots from villages near Lewes. They constitute 25% of my ancestry so is interesting that 'Great Britain' has only 6% listed.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
Those values can be misleading, however. On clicking on each, the following ranges are revealed:</div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.05pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Estimate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Europe
East<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.05pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">48%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">36% – 58%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Europe
West<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.05pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">30%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">7% – 54%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Scandinavia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.05pt;" valign="top" width="61"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">10%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">0% – 28%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Great
Britain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">6%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">0% – 21%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<br />
There is a large uncertainty with the quoted 'Ethnicity Estimate' values and that must always be kept in mind when looking at such results!<br />
<h3>
Genetic Communities</h3>
<div>
Ancestry explains its recently introduced Genetic Communities in these words:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #36322d;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Genetic Communities™ are groups of AncestryDNA members who are connected through DNA most likely because they descend from a population of common ancestors, even if they no longer live in the area where those ancestors once lived. </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #36322d;">For example, some Genetic Communities trace their roots back to groups of people who were isolated geographically. Mountains, rivers, lack of roads, or other barriers made it likely that each new generation would marry someone who lived close to home. Others have their roots in a groups who typically married others of the same religion or ethnic group. In each case, these groups came to share a significant amount of DNA. Modern-day descendants who inherited some of that DNA make up Genetic Communities.</span> </span></blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Ancestry has identified two Genetic Communities that match my DNA.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4ChOTxwVPKdmH5m29jCuD6h-5PYeMH_83OkoKtSZQ8AEL704HzGX-fiV_BF0XmY4nF31sq0yqjYoPvxJnM-PSg_FdPQ0HhICl4gCcZuZMOPOZXN2RETBW4q0PzSlZH_wcm3W9xWq5mM/s1600/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4ChOTxwVPKdmH5m29jCuD6h-5PYeMH_83OkoKtSZQ8AEL704HzGX-fiV_BF0XmY4nF31sq0yqjYoPvxJnM-PSg_FdPQ0HhICl4gCcZuZMOPOZXN2RETBW4q0PzSlZH_wcm3W9xWq5mM/s320/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Genetic Communities for Eric Kopittke</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A map is produced to illustrate these communities.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMXriakc78oKrT9MIvBeXFLhDtXua8-LjK-r0gZbDVvwdkYZqc5-w8Vd-L0xFVXYvxwEU7KrP5x9kNAPK18DYMIhISXEDv1GEGLPFCOtUoX5IdYAinzbi4vnDRQRV3DmoShMSwqQ1Byw/s1600/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMXriakc78oKrT9MIvBeXFLhDtXua8-LjK-r0gZbDVvwdkYZqc5-w8Vd-L0xFVXYvxwEU7KrP5x9kNAPK18DYMIhISXEDv1GEGLPFCOtUoX5IdYAinzbi4vnDRQRV3DmoShMSwqQ1Byw/s320/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Genetic Communities for Eric Kopittke</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Clicking 'Eastern Europeans' produces a more detailed map along with a general description of the history of the region.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPlJiElV2VGmCbY9f7aANbjFp4CDlMQR_G37iKBPayAO30blPgjgSre525Xt3xYesY1DNGCxE2JK8t9-9C3E_bSC8VxjzwHyvOzyWQC2JVVKZVJAOV3_ECsYIqnjmR4HB8krEyL5TUMUE/s1600/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPlJiElV2VGmCbY9f7aANbjFp4CDlMQR_G37iKBPayAO30blPgjgSre525Xt3xYesY1DNGCxE2JK8t9-9C3E_bSC8VxjzwHyvOzyWQC2JVVKZVJAOV3_ECsYIqnjmR4HB8krEyL5TUMUE/s320/Ancestry+Genetic+communities+3.jpeg" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eastern European Genetic Community</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
There is also a CONNECTION button which when clicked allows you to display the details of the others in the same Genetic Community. Three of my matches were estimated to be '4th - 6th cousins' and twelve at '5th - 8th cousins'. Unfortunately most had not supplied a family tree so there was no easy way to see whether the matches were real or just a random chance.<br />
<br />
One had a tree with 4,904 names, and on checking the tree, I found mention of Caroline LATZ, a daughter of my grandmother's cousin. Caroline had married John RUHWEDEL in Queensland and it now became obvious that they had migrated to the Chicago area in the USA. That solved a mystery for me, and I could then provide details of Caroline's ancestors who were from small villages and estates in the former Prussian province of West Prussia. It turned out that my match was my third cousin three times removed - there is also a match to the parent of this person but interestingly that match does not appear in my genetic communities.<br />
<br />
So the Ethnicity Estimate results are interesting but with the large uncertainty should not be taken too seriously. On the other hand the Genetic Community results can potentially point you to other distant relatives, but discovering what the relationship is depends on the other party posting enough of a family tree to allow connections to be made.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-22254358030444448292017-02-20T18:20:00.001-08:002017-02-20T18:20:22.865-08:00German family history from Poland<div class="MsoNormal">
Significant numbers of Germans have been migrating to
Australia since the 1830s. In 1838 some “Old Lutherans” landed in Adelaide
seeking the right to worship the way that they believed in. The same year, the pioneer
Presbyterian minister, John Dunmore Lang, brought a party of German missionaries
from Berlin to Brisbane<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span style="color: #1c1c1c; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;">As well, on 23 April 1838, the barque <i>Kinnear</i>
arrived at Sydney carrying six German families, the first German vinedressers
in Australia. They were from the Rheingau area of Hesse.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the end of World Wars 1 and 2, large areas that had been
under German control were lost to its neighbours. In the east, these became
part of Poland, Russia and Lithuania. After World War 2 in particular, millions
of people who were considered to be Germans were expelled from these areas. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One of the problems in researching family history from these
areas involves name changes. Throughout this region some people considered
themselves German while others considered themselves Polish. Naturally many
places had both a German and a Polish name. For some, the German and Polish names
were pronounced similarly but spelled differently. The town of Stuhm (German)
or Sztum (Polish) is a case in point – some knowledge of German and Polish
pronunciation helps here. For some, the names might be translations of each
other. The village of Schönwiese (German) or Krasna Łąka (Polish) – describing
a meadow – is an example. In others, the names were quite different – for example
the city of Breslau (German) in Silesia is now Wrocław (Polish), and the former
capital city of East Prussia, Königsberg (German), is now Kaliningrad
(Russian). A further complication is that some of the places where the German
name was too “Polish” were changed in the Nazi era. For example, Pachutken
(German) or Pachutki (Polish) was changed to Tönigesdorf in the 1930s.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most likely, for those of our ancestors who were born before
the disruption of the World Wars, the names of the places of birth that were
recorded would be the German names rather than the Polish names. This is a
problem because the names to be found in today’s atlases and road maps are the
Polish (or Russian or Lithuanian) ones.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Given such a problem, is it possible to research any family
history from this area? As with all German research, it is necessary to
identify the civil registry office (the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Standesamt</i>)
that was responsible for registering births, marriages and deaths, and/or the
church parish that was responsible for recording baptisms, marriages and
burials. A number of websites are available to assist in this process:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meyers
Orts- und Verkehrs- lexicon …</i> was a two-volume publication from the first
decade of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, listing almost every locality in the
German Empire of the day. An easy way to use this invaluable resource is by the
Meyersgaz website <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(see </span><a href="http://www.meyersgaz.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0950d0; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">www.meyersgaz.com</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) which
shows the relevant entry and provides an explanation in English of the
significant abbreviations. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Standesamt</i>
at the time of publication is listed, and sometimes the Catholic or Protestant
parish and Synagogue. As well, it is usually possible to view an historic map
and overlay this on a modern map.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kartenmeister</i>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(see
</span><a href="http://www.kartenmeister.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0950d0; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">www.kartenmeister.com</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) is a
website set up by Uwe Krickhain which lists almost every location within the
former German eastern territories, together with details of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Standesamt</i> and the Catholic and
Protestant parishes and Synagogue.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ehemalige
Ortsgebiete</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Former Eastern Territories – see <a href="http://ehemalige-ostgebiete.de/"><span style="color: #0950d0;">http://ehemalige-ostgebiete.de</span></a>)
is a website giving the names by which different towns and villages were known
at key times over the past 100 or so years.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Putting this to use<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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A friend was interested in finding out about his mother’s
birthplace. He had been told it was Escherlin in what is now northern Poland
but had been in Pommern (Pomerania) and that the town had undergone a number of
name changes. Furthermore the church records had been destroyed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Unfortunately the Meyersgaz website had no entry for
Escherlin and neither did the Kartenmeister site, but the Ehemalige Ortsgebiete
site noted that it was known as Gryzlin in the district of Löbau before World
War 1. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvemI51TM2xFQiW6C-rLSyDL0-wPhq9buGs0f_jlWQLeKkPeqOcDLuaJyY2L6x-PTGrBoUttWSDAy7uaaTcH-jzSiQNOyGdHpspVCI0BzTiY93Hu0b3hmWM8UW1M7D5CmKKGr-_bLce3o/s1600/Ehemalige_Escherlin.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvemI51TM2xFQiW6C-rLSyDL0-wPhq9buGs0f_jlWQLeKkPeqOcDLuaJyY2L6x-PTGrBoUttWSDAy7uaaTcH-jzSiQNOyGdHpspVCI0BzTiY93Hu0b3hmWM8UW1M7D5CmKKGr-_bLce3o/s400/Ehemalige_Escherlin.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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The Meyersgaz site then showed that Gryzlin was a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rittergut</i> (an estate) and that further details were available under
Grischlin, Gryzlin being the former name. Grischlin was in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kreis</i> (county or shire) of Löbau in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Regierunsbezirk</i> (government district) of
Marienwerder <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Provinz</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Westpreussen</i> (West Prussia); its <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Standesamt</i> (civil registry office) was 4.7
km away at Jamielnik, it had a population of 279 and was the seat of a
Protestant parish. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaT5EkYFOyGUQwJc-WSHtC1enLituFali97xjeL99PEhdNMBi85O82EE6oI2y8MpsH6w-U89AyMvlnhjxdBh82Il1ffup3t8xsZ71I_2gtwDW5VhRuOUYgszpZfS9bmj0GfmaJTB_xYeI/s1600/Meyers_Escherlin+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaT5EkYFOyGUQwJc-WSHtC1enLituFali97xjeL99PEhdNMBi85O82EE6oI2y8MpsH6w-U89AyMvlnhjxdBh82Il1ffup3t8xsZ71I_2gtwDW5VhRuOUYgszpZfS9bmj0GfmaJTB_xYeI/s400/Meyers_Escherlin+1.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUR0aKc627MWvvqOakW5y1ZvsJkcH_l2sgAX9HBTUiP4gW7YY2vXXQg7slfuyHVurdBo0hdU_Ma4hTbohbX5-UJFXx26Sdls0Omn4sETXIPmPuup0bx-MP2UbKuh4o5p1gPwr4BeAmx8o/s1600/Meyers_Escherlin+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUR0aKc627MWvvqOakW5y1ZvsJkcH_l2sgAX9HBTUiP4gW7YY2vXXQg7slfuyHVurdBo0hdU_Ma4hTbohbX5-UJFXx26Sdls0Omn4sETXIPmPuup0bx-MP2UbKuh4o5p1gPwr4BeAmx8o/s400/Meyers_Escherlin+2.jpeg" width="267" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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Between the World Wars, Grischlin lay in the Polish Corridor, which gave Poland access to the Baltic Sea, and was named Gryźliny under Polish control. The Ehemalige Ortsgebiete site showed that in 1939 under German control, Grischlin was named Escherlin and after World War 2, once again under Polish administration, Gryźliny.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So my friend was correct, Escherlin had been renamed
many times, although for at least some time it had been in the Prussian province of West Prussia not Pomerania.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-15155004026020612302016-11-07T17:23:00.000-08:002016-11-07T17:26:05.769-08:00Geogen – a “geographical genealogy” website<h1>
Geogen – a “geographical genealogy” website<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The free Geogen website (http://legacy.stoepel.net/en/Default.aspx)
can be used to create maps showing the distribution of surnames in Germany
based on entries in the telephone directory. A large concentration of surnames
in a particular area could indicate where the name originated.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Enter the surname of interest in
the input field and click the research button. The German special characters
(ä, ö and ü) are distinct letters, so Müller, Mueller and Muller must be looked
for in separate searches. As well as producing attractive maps that could be a
conversation starter, Geogen may provide the clue to allow the researcher to
break down some brick walls. Enjoy its use!<o:p></o:p></div>
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An example: my great grandmother
Christina E. F. Brohmann was born in a rural area near Eckernförde in Schleswig-Holstein.
While I have been able to find baptisms, marriages and burials for her family,
I have not been able to go back further than her great grandfather Claus
Bromann who was mentioned briefly when his son, Christina’s grandfather, Claus
Wilhelm Bromann was baptised in 1792. Searches for other references to the
older Claus have been unsuccessful!</div>
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Entering the Brohmann name into
Geogen revealed the main cluster of people by that name in <i>Altmarkkreis Salzwedel</i> in the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt with other
individuals scattered across Germany. A similar result came when the variation
Bromann was used. It could be that some Brohmann/Bromann family members moved
to the Salzwedel area years ago in search of work and became established there,
or perhaps the roots of my Brohmann/Bromann family might actually be near
Salzwedel. Further research is clearly called for.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-37230384709341665382016-11-01T07:12:00.000-07:002016-11-01T17:12:39.871-07:00Using Meyers Orts … has become easier!<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Using Meyers Orts … has become easier!</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For many years <i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Meyers Orts- und
Verkehrs- Lexikon …</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> has been recommended as THE source to go to for
information about the location of localities in the pre-World War 1 German
Empire, and for details of their jurisdictions. In fact, the entries in the
FamilySearch catalog are largely based on those jurisdictions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Originally available on microfilm
or microfiche through FamilySearch, more recently <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meyers …</i> has been available in digitised form through Ancestry. However,
this valuable resource has remained difficult for many researchers to use
because it was printed in the German language in the old German script (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fraktur</i> font) with many abbreviations. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJq0ieaY1i6UhzU2Fvyjn86x3-rSC4QtUubKjk-cioucY35NsQMCT87RcyJZiVuEOri2no_tCGlmb_NP4x7ua7RewYTVp2tpwlv2j-bJv-VNllehxiB7MoLyX50XksXKZpWIY9HXuJQc/s1600/Meyers+0.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJq0ieaY1i6UhzU2Fvyjn86x3-rSC4QtUubKjk-cioucY35NsQMCT87RcyJZiVuEOri2no_tCGlmb_NP4x7ua7RewYTVp2tpwlv2j-bJv-VNllehxiB7MoLyX50XksXKZpWIY9HXuJQc/s320/Meyers+0.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A
new website has become available that makes the use of <i>Meyers Orts … </i>much easier! This is the Meyers Gazetteer website <a href="http://www.meyersgaz.org/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0950d0; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">www.meyersgaz.org</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD6NiTaZ0flBaYGN8DOGiu2qPXMA_BDnlTDhhuCBSCkrBLaFrN9uoOwcupXQ8sYl0oJPcDLONDCUcQ1h_r1xoS3RzILFI69vmPCsFrMDlDAzperb7IaxRcWWHDu7_0bYrPoimuTgGMGoU/s1600/Meyers+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD6NiTaZ0flBaYGN8DOGiu2qPXMA_BDnlTDhhuCBSCkrBLaFrN9uoOwcupXQ8sYl0oJPcDLONDCUcQ1h_r1xoS3RzILFI69vmPCsFrMDlDAzperb7IaxRcWWHDu7_0bYrPoimuTgGMGoU/s320/Meyers+1.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name of the place that you are looking for should
be entered. Note that it permits the use of wildcards so that it becomes
possible to locate places for which only some of the letters are known. A list
of place names that fit the supplied information is given and the correct one
can be selected.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjQaL4Umrht20IEIRJozXOVSA0kGDl2cjNfWzXVx1NzeIeH6NQImIPfOczD4lDJNhuwSJUxYi3bp-jbXHiyq2o_ikK5fsbkP3QimXurobZZXgClNtnPr0xxbOow8oNp8qeK71I_0kAGWM/s1600/Meyers+2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjQaL4Umrht20IEIRJozXOVSA0kGDl2cjNfWzXVx1NzeIeH6NQImIPfOczD4lDJNhuwSJUxYi3bp-jbXHiyq2o_ikK5fsbkP3QimXurobZZXgClNtnPr0xxbOow8oNp8qeK71I_0kAGWM/s320/Meyers+2.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Let's look at the second Diedenshausen:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLn2uUscTDDihhpaJOuaNZYRZsPbJFd7Lw_dpBVnTS-HTFl7NjXYXE-fHvh0df5ac8_kntH0_eWxbSthsWQ1cKuuTj4JZHEPMfgjlIUl9qIuj1V5ti4X6DEu9PPvtx_ikOveQ5mFnE_Qs/s1600/Meyers+0a.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLn2uUscTDDihhpaJOuaNZYRZsPbJFd7Lw_dpBVnTS-HTFl7NjXYXE-fHvh0df5ac8_kntH0_eWxbSthsWQ1cKuuTj4JZHEPMfgjlIUl9qIuj1V5ti4X6DEu9PPvtx_ikOveQ5mFnE_Qs/s320/Meyers+0a.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The site then shows the relevant extract from <i>Meyers
Orts- und Verkehrs- Lexikon …</i> together with a small map showing the
approximate location and the significant information extracted and explained.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DUNewJWZiuvDiF_6Ak8NZySPwyL-Cn8nq0fYQ-dUBT3eFmnK_OOU8iR6e00q3VKKGxSMAPULAJ4MmH5MpxkbJK_zQhEtKTarY8a_onE75_jTaf9iO-uUE_VtxZK-cjdYxYhNuy4hey4/s1600/Meyers+3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DUNewJWZiuvDiF_6Ak8NZySPwyL-Cn8nq0fYQ-dUBT3eFmnK_OOU8iR6e00q3VKKGxSMAPULAJ4MmH5MpxkbJK_zQhEtKTarY8a_onE75_jTaf9iO-uUE_VtxZK-cjdYxYhNuy4hey4/s320/Meyers+3.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjItsJEJYpOsmO7NBP4szmn5bWINZIOowyfBOhA2sfNECvr7qDWNYSPQAxldq-m1mlSyEIKCGWMG99FuL4o5gUruoM5lNdnDBrChfRTwecR-9RkCigsELjVieHkpp0Axn01srwXeUcxvWg/s1600/Meyers+4.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjItsJEJYpOsmO7NBP4szmn5bWINZIOowyfBOhA2sfNECvr7qDWNYSPQAxldq-m1mlSyEIKCGWMG99FuL4o5gUruoM5lNdnDBrChfRTwecR-9RkCigsELjVieHkpp0Axn01srwXeUcxvWg/s320/Meyers+4.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdK8owqSK1Mc1CAqegyoYja5Bp9ODiGbMpIrPwiHHEm1WXRAByTNhLF3KyCR93Setk1cLYcmGDV79tnM3KdEULuP_rlTVt8FBfSQUNDp_fbU5O2v2kkui12nVMU-b7CWiVN_mDL9AsgEE/s1600/Meyers+5.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdK8owqSK1Mc1CAqegyoYja5Bp9ODiGbMpIrPwiHHEm1WXRAByTNhLF3KyCR93Setk1cLYcmGDV79tnM3KdEULuP_rlTVt8FBfSQUNDp_fbU5O2v2kkui12nVMU-b7CWiVN_mDL9AsgEE/s320/Meyers+5.jpeg" width="257" /></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Clicking on the “Map” tab (above the extract from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meyers</i>…) displays a scalable, historical
map. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Toggle Historical Map” changes
between the historical map and a modern Google map and allows the transparency
of the historical map to be altered. Protestant and Catholic parishes and
Jewish Synagogues can also be displayed on the map.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0e7qAtDt2BNPVvMAXf-RV6O88axRzNOVqn7cOhRltOinyERmTfrHDDy6PZAcXIZqcicdZHGI1cu8PAAmBj8ou6LXr3inU_fzJsrtwfJ1CjeR7IVNmgfCPb_48DIn5wrn-pqR7l5CeD14/s1600/Meyers+6.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0e7qAtDt2BNPVvMAXf-RV6O88axRzNOVqn7cOhRltOinyERmTfrHDDy6PZAcXIZqcicdZHGI1cu8PAAmBj8ou6LXr3inU_fzJsrtwfJ1CjeR7IVNmgfCPb_48DIn5wrn-pqR7l5CeD14/s320/Meyers+6.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">If a location is the seat of a Protestant or Catholic
parish, or a Jewish synagogue, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meyers
Orts …</i> indicates that fact; but otherwise no indication of the relevant
parish or synagogue is provided. However the Meyers Gazetteer website partly
overcomes this problem through the “Ecclesiastical” tab which gives a list of
Protestant and Catholic parishes and Jewish Synagogues within 20 miles of the
chosen place along with their distance away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">An additional feature allows people to add
their email address to those places with which their family was associated. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The
Meyers Gazetteer website </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.meyersgaz.org/"><span lang="EN-US">www.meyersgaz.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> is an excellent site to
investigate to learn more about the towns and villages of your ancestors.</span></div>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-74005505998233424542016-10-02T23:38:00.000-07:002016-10-02T23:38:04.213-07:00Handouts for Eric's presentations at Adelaide Expo<br /><div dir="ltr" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.850000381469727px; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
Friday:<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/floiogaj1hms3k1/Germany%20-%20a%20brief%20overview%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" style="color: #771100; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Understanding the system: a brief overview of the history of the German region</a></span></div>
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</div>
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<br />
Saturday:</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.850000381469727px; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/6wixiy6cq2nvg91/Civil%20records%20in%20Germany%20%28Cruise%2010%29.pdf?dl=0" style="color: #771100; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Civil records in Germany</a></span></div>
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</span></div>
<h4 style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.850000381469727px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Click on the links above to download the relevant handout.</i></span></h4>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-83642160553600091382016-05-24T05:54:00.000-07:002016-05-24T06:01:10.685-07:00The Hamburg emigration lists<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 34.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Hamburg emigration lists</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bremen and Hamburg were the main German ports through which 19th and early 20th century emigrants left for new lives in the Americas, Africa and Australia and New Zealand. The authorities in Hamburg compiled lists of the emigrants who departed from that port and these cover the years 1850-1934 but with a gap of 1915-1919 because of World War 1. On the other hand, most equivalent lists from the port of Bremen were destroyed. Ancestry.com makes the claim that “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #36322d; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The lists include approximately 5 million records of individuals, approximately 80% of whom were destined for the United States. Ca. 475,000 traveled to South America, ca. 214,000 to Canada, ca. 100,000 to Africa, ca. 54,000 to Australia, and ca. 10,000 to Asian countries.” </span><a href="http://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Voyages from Hamburg were either </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">direct</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> or </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">indirect</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Direct</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> voyages took the emigrants from Hamburg to their destination (possibly with visits to intermediate ports) whereas </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">indirect</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> voyages took the emigrants to another port (usually in Britain, sometimes in France, Netherlands or Belgium) where they transferred to another vessel that then took them to their destination. From 1855 to 1910, emigrants travelling directly and indirectly were recorded in separate sets of lists. </span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On arrival at their destination immigrants’ details were usually recorded again. Obviously differences can be expected between the departure and arrival lists because of deaths and births that occurred during the voyage. Where both lists are available it is always useful to check both.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From 1850 to 1854 emigrants were listed on separate pages depending on the first letter of their surname. The following shows a section of the page for surnames beginning with ‘D’ from the year 1851. This shows entries for voyages 59 and 60 – the Hamburg ships </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Florentin,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Captain Lofgren to New York, and the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Helene</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Captain Andresen, to Port Adelaide. The entries show the information typically available for this period during which usually only the head of the family was named along with his or her occupation or station.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="1851 Helen D.JPG" height="153" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/R93AekeOVI23Z1TNtgmxIOe3-Zk_H8SQjvg0DPQAFRKfH7BKMXuvbae9u1lQGsp3kLyNifyPoPKj8rz-9719v3Am4xjd3x5nPlK2OtgCcTzXD0PRNDW2kXiV1wGJp1Ru8WjyE5G0" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When transcribed, the entries are easier to read [Schlosser = locksmith or mechanic or tinker; Landm (Landmann) = rural worker; Fr (Frau) = wife; Kinder = children] :</span></div>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="139"></col><col width="101"></col><col width="122"></col><col width="108"></col><col width="131"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Name</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Geburtsort</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Birthplace)</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Name d. Schiffes</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Name of Ship)</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wohin</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Where)</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Datum d. Abgang</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Date of departure)</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schlosser</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Davidsohn Marcus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">mit Fr u. Kind</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posen</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hamb</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Florentin</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lofgren</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New York</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (59</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Landm</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dankel Chr.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">und Frau</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Braunsweig</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hamb.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Helene</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Andresen</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Port Adelaide</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(60</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">19 Aug</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Döcke Peter</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Grobsesern</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sachsen</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Döcke Andr.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Niederkeina</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dallwitz Joh.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">mit Fr. u. 5 Kinder</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kortnitz</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">do.</span></div>
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</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From 1855 emigrants were listed by ship, probably in the order in which they arrived at the ship. Individual family members were listed separately. This example, showing some families on the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fritz Reuter</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which departed Hamburg 4 Oct 1878 bound for Brisbane, illustrates the sort of information available on these lists:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="1878 Fritz Reuter headings.JPG" height="215" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/wCWPoxLHM8LVKGAt59EA1PV4wLIbQpqDkHT0tfG86ZSU-X7MD_gpk_8JNPSIS-_B1haiDyV5rJfxKkKdwm7DfliK_HLK4DKDjAkT26xX-VvBgYbCAemRVq2Ah2OjYyKVr7QUe4pv" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The headings on the columns are:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nr.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Number)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Die zu einer Familie gehörenden Personen sind unter einander zu notieren und durch eine Klammer als zusammengehörig zu bezeichnen. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(The persons belonging to a family are to be recorded one under another and denoted as belonging together by a bracket.)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. Nachname 2. Vorname</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Surname Given name)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. Geschlecht männlich weiblich</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Sex male female)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. Alter</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Age)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5. Bisherige Wohnort</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Former residence)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. Im Staate oder in der Provinz</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (In the state or province)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7. Bisherige Stand oder Beruf</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Former station or occupation)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ziel der Auswanderung, Ort und Land</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Destination of emigration, city and country)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zahl der Personen</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Number of persons)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Davon sind</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Of whom are)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10. Erwachsene und Kinder über 10 Jahre</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (adults and children over 10 years)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kinder</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Children)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">11. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">unter 10 Jahre</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (under 10 years)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">unter 1 Jahr</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (under 1 year)</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A little further down this page are two families:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="1878 Fritz Reuter.JPG" height="112" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/6IhlMKm-R32mRmn7NR8cmVsTJsEwCjHD2j8v7fshe2HLUi08Z_S5gyV7Clvg06iK3TiTz4gHFLJ1Pc1xYs8oMZAiAV7x4Bjzr0CBBKrOOPYGkTQ_rZQ1Qqclxd4NSOfc_BjCeok5" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="400" /></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When transcribed, the entries are easier to read:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">11</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HANSEN Peter W. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">31</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Landmann</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HANSEN Catharina </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">f</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">28</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frau</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">13</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HANSEN Waldemar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sohn</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">14</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">HANSEN Josephine</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">f</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1½</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tochter</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">LAUSSEN Carl </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Stiefsohn</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ERICKSEN Martin </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">24¾</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Landmann</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">17</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ERICKSEN Anna </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">f</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hadersleben</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schleswig</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frau</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Landmann = rural worker; Frau = wife; Sohn = son; Tochter = daughter; Stiefsohn = stepson.) The individual members of the Hansen and Ericksen families are listed, along with ages, former place of residence and occupation or station. Note that, unlike the situation in the 1851 list where the town column was headed “Geburtsort” (Birthplace), in the 1878 list the town column was headed “Bisherige Wohnort” (Former residence). Carl Laussen is identified as a stepson (Stiefsohn) of Peter W Hansen.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It would seem that the Hansen and Ericksen families had travelled together from Hadersleben in Schleswig (now Haderslev in </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sønderjylland </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">or South Jutland in Denmark).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Having two families arriving together from the same town suggests that there could be some relationship between the two and that is an aspect that could be investigated. It is always worthwhile looking for other families and individuals from the same village or district in case some relationship exists.</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although a high proportion of the emigrants were from the German states, there were many from surrounding countries such as Switzerland, Italy, Scandinavia, Russia, and even some from Britain. </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The direct lists for emigrant vessels that left Hamburg between 1850 and 1879 for ports in Australia and New Zealand have been transcribed and indexed by Eric and Rosemary Kopittke and published by Queensland Family History Society Inc. See </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.qfhs.org.au/shop/shop-catalogue/society-publications/shipping-migration/qfhscd133/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">www.qfhs.org.au/shop/shop-catalogue/society-publications/shipping-migration/qfhscd133/</span></a></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-608ef2da-e263-6141-d7e9-ff8a85fa0bf5"></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More generally, microfilm copies of all of the lists are available through FamilySearch and may be hired and viewed at any of their Family History Centres. See </span><a href="http://www.familysearch.or/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">www.familysearch.or</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">g. Ancestry.com has digitised all of the lists of emigrants for 1850 - 1914 and 1920 - 1934 and there is an index covering 1850 - 1914 and 1920 - 1923. See </span><a href="http://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Remember, however, that in any list or index, names might not be recorded with the spelling that we might expect, so if the family does not seem to be there, try searching with alternative spellings.</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It can be seen that there is a wealth of information available for the researcher, especially from 1855 onwards. Because it is not uncommon to find misspellings of or errors in the names of places of origin in documents from Australia, New Zealand or the Americas, in many cases the Hamburg emigration list can be used to identify an ancestor’s birthplace. </span></div>
<br />Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-74256699353023496072016-03-15T07:20:00.002-07:002016-03-15T07:20:51.152-07:00<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">Handouts for presentations from UTP Cruises 10 and 11</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Two wonderful </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Unlock the Past</i></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> cruises have finished. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The first was aboard </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Celebrity Solstice</i> from Auckland in New Zealand to Fremantle in Australia while the second was aboard <i>Legend of the Seas</i> from Brisbane to Cairns and the Barrier Reef and back.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As well as enjoying the cruising experience, participants had the opportunity to listen to a number of presentations on assorted genealogical topics. The lists below show the topics that I covered on each cruise.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">UTP Cruise 10: Auckland – Fremantle cruise</span></h4>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/floiogaj1hms3k1/Germany%20-%20a%20brief%20overview%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Understanding the system: a brief overview of the history of the German region</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/l857d9cja9k0uco/Finding%20the%20place%20of%20origin%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Locating your ancestor’s place of origin in Germany</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/6wixiy6cq2nvg91/Civil%20records%20in%20Germany%20%28Cruise%2010%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Civil records in Germany</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/b22hnfwwlrnsoa1/Church%20archives%20and%20records%20for%20German%20research%20%28Cruise%2010%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Church archives and records for German research</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/bvvb5ic5t9yijtt/Handwriting%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reading and interpreting records from Germany</a></span></div>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-9896766b-7a83-a00d-e09c-fd618d7ca2f9" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">UTP Cruise 11: Barrier Reef cruise</span></h4>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/floiogaj1hms3k1/Germany%20-%20a%20brief%20overview%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Understanding the system: a brief overview of the history of the German region</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/bvvb5ic5t9yijtt/Handwriting%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Reading and interpreting records from Germany</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/oy87fiuutcfd1xq/Early%20Germans%20in%20Queensland%20%28Cruise%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Early Germans in Queensland</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/l857d9cja9k0uco/Finding%20the%20place%20of%20origin%20%28Cruises%2010%20%26%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Locating your ancestor’s place of origin in Germany</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/btf58cte87cb4gi/In%20the%20steps%20of%20my%20ancestor%20%28Cruise%2011%29.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">In the steps of my ancestor: planning a genealogical trip</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14.6667px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Click on the links above to download the relevant handout.</i></span></h4>
Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-55308737748077855192016-01-23T18:57:00.000-08:002016-03-27T21:03:34.781-07:00What's in a name?<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-9329ed4e-baa8-115c-4515-5096451203a9" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many researchers become frustrated when looking for records pertaining to their German ancestors. Why were there so many different ways that their names were written? Were they illiterate?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Today with names recorded in telephone directories, electoral rolls and the like, “correct spelling” of names is very important to us. However, historically, this has not always been the case. In previous centuries, especially in Germany, the sound of a name was far more important than its spelling. Consequently, spellings varied over the years and it is not unusual to find the same surname spelled several ways in the old German church registers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Surnames</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With all of this in mind, what might have happened to the name of a German who migrated to Australia? Some German names might be accidentally or deliberately spelled differently in Australia based on the sound of the name. For example, Vogel might become Fogle, or Wahry might become Vahry. In German ‘ie’ is pronounced to rhyme with the English ‘see’ so could easily be replaced by ‘ei’ or ‘ee’ in English. Similarly, the German ‘ei’ is pronounced to rhyme with the English ‘sigh’ so could easily be replaced by ‘ie’ in English.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In earlier days, the sound of a name might be more important than its spelling. Thus one name was spelled Karaś in Polish and Karrasch in German – the sound was the same but the spelling was different.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">However many names kept the German spelling at the expense (sometimes over time) of having the sound of the name change.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some German names contained the umlauted letters ä, ö and ü. The two dots over the letter are the vestige of an e that used to be written over the letter, and the letters may be replaced by ae, oe and ue respectively. Some names containing these letters continued to be written that way, but since non-German speaking officials generally had no knowledge of such letters, the names would usually end up being written without the dots – thus Schäfer became Schafer, Schröder became Schroder, and Müller became Muller. Others replaced the letters with their equivalents – thus Schäfer became Schaefer, Schröder became Schroeder, and Müller became Mueller.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some German names, based on an occupation or a characteristic, were simply translated into an English equivalent. Examples of this could be:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Klein – Small</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">König – King</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Müller – Miller</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Schneider – Taylor</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Schwarz – Black</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Zimmermann – Carpenter</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sometimes a letter or two might be changed or omitted to make a German name appear less obviously German – Brohmann, for instance, became Brohman. Many names were changed in such ways during World War 1.</span></div>
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<a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/fJ5SwtWFvCXAwOh3qFjK7uEDsCuiV5qGDrRTQxOF2TCBtnCo-vdmREFe11NLgG02sj98S7UOz7ZoEfT6wafDnheeFVxCeLgliKmgYKcyS2AMCsOKp8IZ53s09hDPqyS4fUlx2-tA" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/fJ5SwtWFvCXAwOh3qFjK7uEDsCuiV5qGDrRTQxOF2TCBtnCo-vdmREFe11NLgG02sj98S7UOz7ZoEfT6wafDnheeFVxCeLgliKmgYKcyS2AMCsOKp8IZ53s09hDPqyS4fUlx2-tA" style="border: medium none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="130" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/VQTmQEz0x9NcDDIu0ad-wTtTmJMLPZyIV327OrpQTUkBoVcsC4G2nkyBkvHg5sHwqBWrnwWcqMS1nScdx3fVt2Fjcw6MQRy3arwRaaiE8CkZ3pJ_E9n9ebZquctdVmzP3VcGS5iL" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/VQTmQEz0x9NcDDIu0ad-wTtTmJMLPZyIV327OrpQTUkBoVcsC4G2nkyBkvHg5sHwqBWrnwWcqMS1nScdx3fVt2Fjcw6MQRy3arwRaaiE8CkZ3pJ_E9n9ebZquctdVmzP3VcGS5iL" style="border: medium none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="122" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A good source for the meanings and origins of German names is </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Deutsches Namenlexikon</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> by Hans Bahlow and translated by Edda Gentry into English as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dictionary of German names</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. However this work covers only names from the traditional German areas. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For those of us with family origins in the former eastern territories, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pommersche Familiennamen: ihr Geschichts- und Heimatwert</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> also by Hans Bahlow (only in German) is a worthwhile reference.</span></div>
<a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/W6_CdJCyFeVX7rlWQb3LfmlARp3VzdbHba5Z1WuS_VMUaIvcbosYzqyamN2s9ABIexEgxijnyJhy1TnXNgUig5CN1ImIIllkwPRs9FQFxg3VKW6B5dM45TxQR9wUqb_ipG5V6bLu" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/W6_CdJCyFeVX7rlWQb3LfmlARp3VzdbHba5Z1WuS_VMUaIvcbosYzqyamN2s9ABIexEgxijnyJhy1TnXNgUig5CN1ImIIllkwPRs9FQFxg3VKW6B5dM45TxQR9wUqb_ipG5V6bLu" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="141" /></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Given names</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sometimes tracking your German family can be frustrating because of changing names in Australian documents. Why would someone who is referred to as Pauline on one document appear as Annie on another? Why should Johann Philipp suddenly become Philipp Johann? And why was Wilhelmine sometimes Wilhelmina – didn’t she know how to spell her name?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some of this confusion can be explained when we understand that many 19</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">th </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">century Germans had two or three (or more) given names, and that they were known by other than the first of those names. In some German birth records, the name by which the person was to be known was underlined. This was the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rufname</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, or the called name. For example, one family had sons named Johann Philipp, Johannes, Johann Heinrich, Johann Franz and Johann Georg. They were known as Philipp, Johannes, Heinrich, Franz and Georg. Imagine what might have occurred when an official unfamiliar with German naming customs recorded Philipp’s details. “Your name?” “Philipp.” “Have you another name?” “Johann”. So it should not be a surprise to find Johann Philipp recorded as Philipp Johann, or Anne Pauline recorded as Pauline Annie.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In German, an “e” at the end of a name is almost always pronounced, so that there is not much difference in the pronunciation of Wilhelmine and Wilhelmina for example, especially to ears not used to German pronunciation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As in English, German names may have diminutives: Friedrich could become Fritz (Freddie), Johann could become Hans (Johnnie or Jack), Wilhelmine or Wilhelmina could become Minnie, and Anne or Anna could become Annie.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many given names in German have equivalents in English so it is understandable that Georg became George, Friedrich became Frederick, Heinrich became Henry, Franz became Frank, Wilhelm became William, Gertraut became Gertrude and so on.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As well, some people might adopt an English name where there was no obvious equivalent. Gustav Kopittke appeared as George in some Post Office Directories.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Things to note</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many 19</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">th </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">century Germans had multiple given names and may have been known by the second or third name, the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rufname</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The spelling of German surnames was sometimes changed. Keep an open mind when researching.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">German names might be translated. Many given names have English equivalents, and surnames based on occupations or characteristics could easily be changed to English ones.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A good source for the meanings and origins of German names is </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Deutsches Namenlexikon</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> by Hans Bahlow and translated by Edda Gentry into English as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dictionary of German names</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For names from the former eastern territories, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pommersche Familiennamen: ihr Geschichts- und Heimatwert</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> also by Hans Bahlow (only in German) is a worthwhile reference.</span></div>
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<br />Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-31863409355104658732016-01-03T20:56:00.000-08:002016-01-03T20:59:26.122-08:00Birth, marriage and death certificates from GermanyCommonly, family historians commencing research into their German ancestors, want to obtain the relevant birth, marriage or death certificates. In Germany, such certificates are issued by the civil registry office (the <i>Standesamt</i>) from the area in which the event occurred. Each locality in Germany belongs to a specified <i>Standesamt</i>. In some cases, a number of smaller villages may belong to a <i>Standesamt</i> in a neighbouring town. In larger towns and cities, however, there may be multiple <i>Standesämter</i> each of which is responsible for a district of the town or city. Over the years, with the movement of people and the growth of some population centres and the decline of others, adjustments have been made to the location and jurisdictions of the S<i>tandesämter</i>. Using the word <i>Standesamt</i> along with the name of the village or town in a search engine will usually find the address of the current <i>Standesamt</i>.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRc-dNjtZ9nwcRABZ-Ai7U6INu9rC8oOKl1FYRZOKR8dj0RyOwd8nQsr9G24dXw3LvxqlBfL-YgvyHHn-hsoOiQMiW-luIKzQ83Sp3E6c9ToTg7YX2D-Opm3a9rdQbIgeKEsisWtzLGU/s1600/Bornstein+Standesamt+1.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRc-dNjtZ9nwcRABZ-Ai7U6INu9rC8oOKl1FYRZOKR8dj0RyOwd8nQsr9G24dXw3LvxqlBfL-YgvyHHn-hsoOiQMiW-luIKzQ83Sp3E6c9ToTg7YX2D-Opm3a9rdQbIgeKEsisWtzLGU/s400/Bornstein+Standesamt+1.tiff" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A search for the words 'Standesamt' and 'Bornstein' provides a link to the relevant <i>Standesamt</i></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGZLpG6FnLImMNB0I0L-n_0ctsfDZXeVOEMK6TS6vR65tknSiyqo64pG4KPsVUMmtQUIa-RdLXbrMX7ouD6_lRXbEGqkVbXVmTUC7zf4QmPGVS1fUrldammjfK22KFR9kbtMWh-fVDQgc/s1600/Bornstein+Standesamt+2.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGZLpG6FnLImMNB0I0L-n_0ctsfDZXeVOEMK6TS6vR65tknSiyqo64pG4KPsVUMmtQUIa-RdLXbrMX7ouD6_lRXbEGqkVbXVmTUC7zf4QmPGVS1fUrldammjfK22KFR9kbtMWh-fVDQgc/s400/Bornstein+Standesamt+2.tiff" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The link leads to a page giving the location of the <i>Standesamt</i> in the neighbouring town of Gettorf</td></tr>
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Some things to note:</div>
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<ol>
<li>Concern in Germany (and in many other countries) over privacy and identity fraud restricts the issue of 'recent' certificates – for births less than 110 years ago, marriages less than 80 years ago and deaths less than 30 years ago – to the subject of the certificate and his/her children and parents. To obtain such a certificate would require the production of some form of proof of identity.</li>
<li>In some cases, older registers have been transferred from the <i>Standesamt</i> to the local civil or state archive. A query to the <i>Standesamt</i> should reveal how to access such registers.</li>
<li>Civil registration of births, marriages and deaths commenced at different time in different parts of Germany. Civil registration was introduced by the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic forces as they conquered the German states. After the defeat of the French, many of the German states did not continue with the system although copies (duplicates) of the church registers were often used instead. Civil registration commenced as early as 1792 in the western states of Baden, Alsace, Lorraine, and Rhineland, but it was not until 1 October 1874 that civil registration commenced in most of Prussia, and 1876 for areas such as Bavaria and Mecklenburg. Church records provide a good substitute in the years before civil registration.</li>
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More specific information and examples of German civil certificates of birth, marriage and death can be found in <i>Researching in German Civil and Church Records</i> published by <i>Unlock the Past</i> and available from <i><a href="http://www.gould.com.au/Researching-in-German-Civil-and-Church-Records-p/utp0202.htm" target="_blank">Gould Genealogy & History</a>.</i><br />
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Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com0Brisbane QLD, Australia-27.4710107 153.02344889999995-29.275130700000002 150.44166189999996 -25.6668907 155.60523589999994tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8110926981720937485.post-86778026370226953072016-01-02T01:44:00.000-08:002016-01-02T01:49:56.528-08:00Is German family history too difficult?<br />
Many people in Australia have ancestral roots from Germany and the surrounding areas that were once in the German Empire. Some family historians baulk at researching those ancestors, believing that it's all too difficult or that the records have all been lost.<br />
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Although some records were destroyed during and after World War Two, the majority of records still exist and it is often possible to trace families back to the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries through civil records of birth, marriage and death, and church records of baptism, marriage and burial.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-H49br1kBSlMjx9Axuxsb1zZP67Sf0dQIyakScD10WmJtM-SZ0NJ3obDJcvgOICWwSBXqhUsdAkg4HJE9a7s6BBj0KiE3ezs8e51L1GMLvdDD2-8hsK4VpNT1moptiHriGHKnqRNEJg/s1600/Researching+at+Eckernforde.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-H49br1kBSlMjx9Axuxsb1zZP67Sf0dQIyakScD10WmJtM-SZ0NJ3obDJcvgOICWwSBXqhUsdAkg4HJE9a7s6BBj0KiE3ezs8e51L1GMLvdDD2-8hsK4VpNT1moptiHriGHKnqRNEJg/s400/Researching+at+Eckernforde.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Researching church registers at Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein</td></tr>
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Eric Kopittkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10020169434423686296noreply@blogger.com17Brisbane QLD, Australia-27.4710107 153.02344889999995-29.275130700000002 150.44166189999996 -25.6668907 155.60523589999994